Is the Two-by-Two Ministry Scriptural?

A question that frequently arises regarding the ministry is this: was there a  scriptural reason that Jesus sent forth his disciples in pairs, or was it simply due to practical matters such as support, encouragement, companionship, etc? While  acknowledging that these things are greatly beneficial, are there deeper,  scripturally-based reasons that extend beyond the first-century ministry and thus  are still in effect today? Jesus came to do his Father’s will, as He said, “I do always those things that please my Father,” so it would be logical to expect that He would send forth his disciples in the way that pleases his Father. Jesus had  intimate knowledge and understanding of the mind of his Father both when He  was in Heaven as well as when He was on earth.  

From the Mind of God 

Jesus sent forth the twelve “by two and two” (Mark 6:7). Later, He sent forth  “other seventy” disciples in the same way, by “two and two” (Luke 10:1). Then in  the first chapter of Acts after his resurrection it is noteworthy that He did not  change the way the disciples went forth. He simply allowed the existing pattern  to continue. If the two-by-two ministry had been due to temporary circumstances, this would have been the ideal time for Him to change it before  He ascended back to Heaven. But instead of changing it, Jesus validated this pattern by extending it into the future without even a hint of a terminus when He said to his disciples, “Ye shall be witnesses unto me… unto the uttermost part of the earth” (Acts 1:8). This would not be fulfilled completely for hundreds or perhaps thousands of years. When the disciples later wrote their Gospels and  Epistles they gave no indication that they had encountered any problems with this arrangement nor any desire to change it. Thus it seems to be certain that  Jesus was following the plan and pattern that originated in the mind of God. The  question then becomes this: is the same principle found in other places in the  Bible? When we examine the scriptures we find that the answer is “yes.”  

Threefold Cord 

Many times the Bible (especially the OT) does not explicitly spell out certain  principles but they are revealed and reinforced in types. God has never expected  anything of mankind that he did not announce beforehand, either directly or  indirectly. This is true of God’s pattern for the ministry – the principle of the  “threefold cord,” which is found throughout the Bible. It is found in Ecclesiastes  4:12 “A threefold cord is not quickly broken.” Typologically, the threefold cord  speaks of strength and unity. Three cords, which alone are weak, are made into 

one strong cord. In the same way, God (and only God) is able to bring unity out  of diversity. This is to His glory because it proves that it is the work of God and  not man.  

Threefold Ministry 

The threefold principle is evident in the two-by-two ministry. In John 15:26 Jesus  promised the disciples that when He returned to his Father He would send the  Holy Spirit, and “He shall testify of me: and ye also shall bear witness.” Together,  these three make up the threefold cord: two disciples going forth (as they were  sent by Jesus), plus the Holy Spirit. When Jesus sent forth 70 other disciples, He  sent them the same way (Luke 10:1).  

Long after Jesus had left the earth, it is recorded in the Acts of the Apostles that  the disciples continued going forth in the same two-by-two manner that Jesus  had originally sent them – Paul and Barnabas, Judas and Silas, Peter and John, etc.  They were simply following what Jesus had established. This model is seen far back in the OT – Moses and Aaron, Joshua and Caleb, etc.  

Threefold Witness 

The threefold principle also seems to be God’s preferred way of proving the  credibility and reliability of witnesses. The OT Law required the guilt for any sin  to be established “at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three  witnesses” (Deuteronomy 19:15). Jesus applied this verse in Matthew 18:16, as also Paul did in 2 Corinthians 13:1. Under the law, the testimony of the person  being accused was not accepted in court, as Jesus said in John 5:31 “If I bear  witness of myself, my witness is not true.” At the trial of Jesus, two witnesses  were required, but two who agreed could not be found.  

Threefold Advocate 

God provides every believer with a threefold advocate. When Jesus said, “I will  give you another Advocate” (John 14:16 NIV), the Greek word that he used  (“allos”) means “another of the same kind.” In other words, He was saying that we  have three advocates and all are in agreement. One is in Heaven with the Father  – “Jesus Christ the righteous” (1 John 2:1), one is on the earth (the Holy Spirit) –  “with you” (John 14:16), and the other is the Father himself. Our Advocate in  Heaven (“Jesus Christ the righteous” – see 1 John 2:1) represents us in the court  of Heaven when we are accused by Satan. Satan is “the accuser of our brethren  who accuses us before God day and night” (Revelation 12:15). Satan is a liar, but 

when he accuses us he may be telling the truth – he cannot lie to God (at least  not successfully). We are guilty as charged. Then Jesus Christ the righteous, our advocate (the Greek word is suggestive of a defense attorney) pleads our case based on HIS righteousness.  

Here are a few other things that follow the same Biblical pattern. Notice that each  of these is characterized by strength and unity. Each also has a Divine origin.  

 Trinity – Most importantly, it is seen in the Trinity: Father, Son, and Holy  Spirit.  

 Jesus – Jesus came to fill a threefold office: Prophet, Priest, and King.  

 Marriage – It is also evident in God’s plan for a strong marriage, which is  comprised of three: a husband, a wife, and God.  

 Man – Man was created as a threefold being: body, soul, and spirit.